![]() Edwin Hardin Sutherland: Sociological Criminologist. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 45(1): 29-40. The Differential Association Theory and CompulsiveĬrimes. So, what do you think? Do you think growing up in a criminal family would influence children’s social interactions, resulting in criminal behaviour in their adult lives? What about adults interacting with criminal friends? Do you think social class plays a role? Have you ever given much thought to white-collar crime? Do you think it’s underrepresented in the news?Ĭressey, D. His analysis of white-collar crime demonstrates that the stereotypical correlation between crime and poverty needs to be challenged. Rather than the suspected rates of crime being higher in low-class communities, Sutherland clarifies that criminal activity in professional settings (such as businesses) is underrepresented in crime statistics, which gives the illusion that crime rates are higher in poverty-stricken areas (Odum, 1951, p. He argues that “crime is in fact not closely correlated with poverty or with psychopathic or sociopathic conditions associated with poverty” (as quoted in Vold, 1951, p. ![]() In addition, Sutherland was the first to identify white-collar crime as a part of criminology. ![]() Basically, criminal behaviour is a factor of socialization, meaning that people exhibit criminal behaviours because of the learned interactions with criminals and criminal activity. Edwin Sutherland (1883-1950) was a prominent and influential sociologist and criminologist. This is the theory in which “criminality is learned from observations of definitions favorable to law violation” (Cressey, 1954, p. Perhaps the most well-known and widely recognized theory of criminality in the sociologist community (at least according to Vold and Cressey) is Sutherland’s differential association theory. 29), and they argue that his theory has been a great contribution to understanding criminology and human behaviour. – Professor at the University of MinnesotaĪccording to many theorists, Edwin Sutherland was one of the most influential sociological criminologists of the twentieth century (Vold, 1951, p. – Assistant professor at the University of Illinois In later works, he switched from the concept of social disorganization to differential social organization to convey the complexity of overlapping and conflicting levels of organization in a society.– Ph.D. ![]() Sutherland concluded that if the society is organized with reference to the values expressed in the law, the crime is eliminated if it is not organized, crime persists and develops (1939:8). But because society is organized around individual and small group interests, society permits crime to persist. In recognition of his influence, the most important annual award of the American Society of Criminology is given in his name. ![]() He depicted the law-abiding culture as dominant and more extensive than alternative criminogenic cultural views and capable of overcoming systematic crime if organized for that purpose (1939: 8). Edwin Sutherland, (born August 13, 1883, Gibbon, Nebraska, U.S.died October 11, 1950, Bloomington, Indiana), American criminologist, best known for his development of the differential association theory of crime. The systematic quality of the behavior was a reference to repetitive, patterned or organized offending as opposed to random events. He also believed that such disorganization causes and reinforces the cultural traditions and cultural conflicts that support antisocial activity. The failure of extended kin groups expanded the realm of relationships no longer controlled by the community and undermined governmental controls leading to persistent "systematic" crime and delinquency. He also believed that the mobility, economic competition and an individualistic ideology that accompanied capitalist and industrial development had been responsible for the disintegration of the large family and homogeneous neighborhoods as agents of social control. Sutherland adopted the concept of social disorganization to explain the increases in crime that accompanied the transformation of preliterate and peasant societies where "influences surrounding a person were steady, uniform, harmonious and consistent" to modern Western civilization which he believed was characterized by inconsistency, conflict and un-organization (1934: 64). ![]()
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